{"id":1036,"date":"2019-05-01T18:44:40","date_gmt":"2019-05-01T15:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/ar\/?p=1036"},"modified":"2019-05-03T20:31:17","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T17:31:17","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%ae%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/?p=1036","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 80 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 2 \u0645\u0646 12)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a, \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646&#8230;<br><br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1938 \u2013 2019\u0645)  <br><br>(\u0628 \u2013 1) \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629: <br>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a  \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0640\u0640 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627  \u0640\u0640 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1839\u0645. <br>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644, \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: <br>1-    \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0646.<br>2-     \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644&#8221; (B.P), \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633&#8221; \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0630\u0631\u0632&#8221; \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629  &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633&#8221; \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0634\u0644&#8221; \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633&#8221;, \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<br>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621  \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647, \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0649  \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;. [9] <br>3-    \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629,  \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u062c, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629  \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629. [10]<br>4-    \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631  \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641, \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646, \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643  \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644  \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<br>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0640\u0640 \u0622\u0646\u0626\u0630\u064d \u0640\u0640 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0640\u0640 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627  \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0640\u0640 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631  \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649  \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646. <br>5-    \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938\u0645,  \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064f\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 Labor Office ), \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629  \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649  \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646  \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645.[11]<br>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a  \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f  \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a  \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629  (1918 \u2013 1948\u0645), \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f  \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a[12], \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621  \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.[13] <br>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0625\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629,  \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649, \u0625\u0630  \u0623\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629.[14]<br>\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645  \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a, \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628.[15] \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0640\u0640 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0640\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a  \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645!<br><br>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629  &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0621\u0648\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1948\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649, \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644  \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1948 \u2013 1962\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641&#8221; \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. <br>\u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f, \u0645\u0645\u0627  \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627  \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646.[16]<br>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648  \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646,  \u0648\u0641\u064a 1955\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a  \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0634 \u0623\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646) \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.[17]<br>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645  \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:  \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629,  \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1962\u0645, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640 (51%), \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647  \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631, \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a  \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631[18], \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a  \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. <br>\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629  \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631\u062a  \u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637  \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631&#8230;\u0625\u0644\u062e, \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0625\u0644\u062e.[19]<br>\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645  \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642  \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621,  \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632, \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639  \u062f\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645, \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628  \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u061b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1957\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a  \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 1961\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639  \u0648\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.[20] <br>\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0628  \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629,  \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646  \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8230; \u0625\u0644\u062e.[21] <br>\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621, \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621.[22]<br>\u0643\u0627\u0646  \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0640\u0640 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u0640\u0640, \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646.<br>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646[23] \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<br><br><br>(\u0628 \u2013 2) \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 (1950 \u2013 2019):<br>i.    \u062a\u0648\u0637\u0626\u0629: <br>\u064a\u0639\u062f  \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Trade -union-) \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a  \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644  \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645. <br>\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631, \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631  \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u062f\u0639\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br>\u0648\u0642\u062f  \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1720\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a  \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627, \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629  \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644, \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631, \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644&#8230; \u0625\u0644\u062e.<br>\u0644\u0645  \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646  \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f  \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646, \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0640\u0640 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0640\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644  \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1829\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br>\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630  \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639  \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644  \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. <br>\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636  \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629  \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644,  \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a  \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a. <br>\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631,  \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0631\u0628  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629  \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644  \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646  \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629, \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645  \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644, \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645  \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629.<br>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a  \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a  \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646, \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a. <br><br>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a): <br>\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631  \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a, \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636  \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a  \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. <br>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639  \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a) \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<br>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629  \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644,  \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0640\u0640 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0640\u0640  \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629.&#8221;<br><br>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a: <br>\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a  \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0627\u0647: \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646  \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629.<br>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b. <br><br>ii.    \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.. \u0647\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f\u061f <br>\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637  \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629  \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: <br>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0640\u0640 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. <br><br>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2026 \u0627\u0644\u062e.<br><br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629:  \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f  \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628, \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628, \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621&#8230; \u0625\u0644\u062e.<br>\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627  \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;, \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<br><br>\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629  \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u061b  \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643, \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641  \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629  \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. <br>\u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a  \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 (1957 \u2013  1967\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644  \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1962\u0645  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u062a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1962\u0645  \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628, \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a 30  \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1967\u0645. <br>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. <br>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. <br><br>                                    \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639&#8230;<br><br>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a: <br>[9] \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646 (1957 \u2013 1967\u0645), \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 14 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631, \u0639\u062f\u0646, (\u062f.\u062a), \u06355.<br>  [10] \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a  \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645, \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648, 1984\u0645, \u063519.<br>[11]  \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f, \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646  \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 &#8211; \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u062f\u0646, \u06371\/ 1981\u0645, \u0635112. <br> [12] \u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627,  \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646, \u062a: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0640\u0640 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646, \u06371\/ 1982\u0645, \u0635127.<br>[13] \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u063543.<br> [14] \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0635127.<br> [15] \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u063577.<br> [16] \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0635130.<br> [17] \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u063561.<br>[18]  \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641: \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a, \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632  \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631, \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621, \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649, 2002\u0645, \u0635175<br> [19] \u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635137, 148.<br> [20] \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u063559 \u2013 60.<br> [21] \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0635130 \u2013 131.<br> [22] \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0635132.<br> [23] \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646, \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u063522.                                     <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a, \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646&#8230; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1938 \u2013 2019\u0645) (\u0628 \u2013 1) \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[55,108,107,91],"class_list":["post-1036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-37","tag-55","tag-108","tag-107","tag-91"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1036"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1036\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peacehorizons.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}